Researcher ORCID Identifier

0009-0009-5435-6954

Graduation Year

2026

Date of Submission

4-2026

Document Type

Open Access Senior Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Arts

Department

International Relations

Reader 1

Professor Peter Uvin

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2026 Lucy Meza

Abstract

This thesis examines how states utilize the Eurovision Song Contest as a platform for soft power, focusing on the conditions under which cultural performance translates into reputational gains. Drawing on Joseph Nye’s concept of soft power, Biasioli’s theory of songwashing, Zamorano’s typology of cultural diplomacy, Anholt’s competitive identity framework, and Feklyunina’s analysis of identity and narrative, it argues that Eurovision’s effectiveness as a soft power platform is fundamentally contingent on the alignment between a state’s cultural narrative and dominant international perceptions of its legitimacy. Through a qualitative comparative case study approach, the thesis examines two nations whose Eurovision participation during periods of active conflict produced contrasting outcomes: Ukraine and Israel. Ukraine is examined as a case of aligned legitimacy, in which its cultural narrative resonated with dominant international perceptions, generating unprecedented public support and transforming voting into a visible expression of geopolitical solidarity. Israel is examined as a case of contested legitimacy, in which participation produced polarized audience responses, institutional controversy, and ultimately structural changes to the contest itself. The findings demonstrate that soft power is not a passive process, but is co-constructed between the projecting state and its audience. When cultural narratives align with existing international perceptions, cultural diplomacy can generate extraordinary symbolic support. When they do not, the same platform can amplify existing criticism rather than counter it. These findings have broader implications for understanding the role of popular culture in modern international relations and the conditions under which cultural diplomacy succeeds or fails.

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