Effects of the Sunny Days, Healthy Ways Curriculum on Students in Grades 6 to 8

Authors

David B. Buller, Klein Buendel, Inc., Golden, Colorado
Kim D. Reynolds, Claremont Graduate UniversityFollow
Amy Yaroch, National Cancer Institute
Gary R. Cutter, University of Alabama
Joan M. Hines, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology/Hepatology/Nutrition, Children’s Hospital
Cristy R. Geno, Kaiser Permanente of Colorado
Julie A. Maloy, Klein Buendel, Inc.
Melissa Brown, Jefferson County Public Schools
W. Gill Woodall, University of New Mexico
Joseph Grandpre, Wyoming Department of Health

Document Type

Article

Department

Community and Global Health (CGU)

Publication Date

2006

Disciplines

Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition | Medicine and Health Sciences

Abstract

Background

There are few effective sun-safety education programs for use in secondary schools. Project aims were to create a sun-safety curriculum for grades 6 to 8, and to test whether exposure to the curriculum would increase children’s sun-protection behavior.

Design

A pair-matched, group-randomized, pre-–post test, controlled trial was performed with middle schools as the unit of randomization. Teachers implemented the six-unit sun-safety curriculum in 2001–2003, and analyses were performed in 2003–2004.

Setting/Participants

A total of 2038 children from 30 middle schools in Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Main Outcome Measures

Self-reported sun-protection behavior using frequency ratings and diary.

Results

Compared to control schools, children receiving the curriculum reported more frequent sun protection (p=0.0035), and a greater proportion wore long-sleeved shirts during recess (p<0.0001) and applied sunscreen (p<0.0001). Exposure to the curriculum improved knowledge (p<0.0001), decreased perceived barriers to using sunscreen (p=0.0046), enhanced self-efficacy expectations (p=0.0577) about sun safety, and reduced favorable attitudes toward sun tanning (p=0.0026 to <0.0001). In intent-to-treat analyses, the treatment effect was eliminated only under the most conservative assumptions about dropouts.

Conclusions

Educational approaches to sun safety in middle school may be effective for improving children’s sun safety. Potential trial limitations include measuring short-term outcomes, focusing on young adolescents, using active parental consent, and testing in the American Southwest.

Rights Information

© 2006 American Journal of Preventive Medicine

Terms of Use & License Information

Terms of Use for work posted in Scholarship@Claremont.

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.046

Recommended Citation

Buller DB, Reynolds KD, Yaroch A, Cutter GR, Hines JM, Geno CR, Maloy JA, Brown M, Woodall WG, Grandpre J. Effects of the Sunny Days, Healthy Ways Curriculum on Students in Grades 6-8. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 30:13-22, 2006